The Riffian populations strongly resisted the Spanish, unleashing a conflict that would last for several years. The following year, after the signing of the Treaty of Fez, the northern Moroccan area was adjudicated to Spain as a protectorate. Spain worked to pacify a large part of the most violent areas until 1914, a slow process of consolidation of frontiers that lasted until 1919, due to World War I. The military operations in Jebala, in the Moroccan west, began in 1911 with the Larache landing. By September, the Spanish Army had 40,000 troops in northern Morocco and had occupied the tribal regions to the south and southeast of Melilla. A series of skirmishes over the following weeks cost the Spanish over a thousand casualties. This incident led to the summoning of reinforcements from Spain itself. In July 1909, Spanish workers constructing a rail-bridge providing access to iron mines near Melilla were attacked by Rifian tribesmen. After France's military intervention against Abd el-Krim's forces and the major landing of Spanish troops at Al Hoceima, considered the first amphibious landing in history to involve the use of tanks and aircraft, Abd el-Krim surrendered to the French and was taken into exile. Led by Abd el-Krim, the Riffians at first inflicted several defeats on the Spanish forces by using guerrilla tactics and captured European weapons. The Rif War ( Spanish: Guerra del Rif) was an armed conflict fought from 1921 to 1926 between the occupying colonialists of Spain (joined by France in 1924) and the Berber tribes of the mountainous Rif region of northern Morocco. Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63). Iberian Peninsula and South America (1762–63).Spanish estimate: 80,000 irregulars (never more than 20,000 with firearms) including less than 7,000 "elites"ģ0,000 casualties (including 10,000 dead) 160,000 soldiers in northern Morocco 1925
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